Good question. I’ve been looking around the internet for an answer, and I don’t like what I see.
Some people define the word drily, as if they were dictionaries. This leaves the word devoid of meaning and makes an essay seem boring. Some define it historically, reaching all the way back to word’s French beginnings. Knowing a thing’s beginnings, however, does not make us like it more. This is trivia, fodder, a waste of class time.
Some define the essay according to its framework—they count the paragraphs or discuss thesis statements or general word counts; or, they may define it by categories—the academic essay, the personal essay, the philosophical essay, et cetera, et cetera. Here, also lives the essay that shall not be named. (Hint: it likes the number 5) The problem with categorizing essays is that people learn the rules for one and apply them to all others: a personal essay does not need a thesis statement, and a political paper needs more than 5 paragraphs. Not everything needs to be outlined, pre-written, or graphically organized, and what works for one writer or teacher does not work for everyone else. Strict rules stifle the soul of writing.
None of those definitions are what I am looking for. I am looking to explain what the essay means to the writer, what the essay says to the reader; I guess I’m looking to define the soul of the essay. (I may as well try to define a human being!)And as a teacher, just what is it I am teaching my students to write? Sometimes, I feel a twinge of guilt because I see these kids writing good stuff (better than what I wrote at their age) and yet much of it lacks depth. Because of this, they aren’t earning high marks, and I know this demoralizes them a bit. I think they are used to being graded on basic superficial stuff, but I’m asking for more.
I am not the type of teacher who is concerned about teaching the mechanics of the essay—but make no mistake, I require the dottings of this and crossings of that. Therefore, if I am asking for depth, I need to teach them how to write with depth. O writing gods, what have I done! Writing an essay can be an art, but even artists have many skills and techniques that they have learned to use to best express themselves. That’s what I’m trying to do here. I teach my students skills and techniques in writing so they can use these things to express themselves as individuals. Alright. That basically satisfies me.
Now, I can answer the question: what is an essay?
An essay is you. In words.